What term is used to refer to a mixed breed of cattle?

The appropriate term for a mixed breed of cattle is "grade animal." This designation typically refers to cattle that are not registered with a breed association or do not meet the criteria for purebred status. These animals often result from the breeding of registered purebred sires or dams with unregistered animals. Grade animals can possess some of the desirable traits of their purebred predecessors, but they do not have the same pedigree documentation.

In contrast, the term "purebred" refers to animals that are of a recognized breed and have documented ancestry tracing back to the breed's foundation. "Hybrid" generally refers to the offspring of two different species or varieties and is more commonly used in other contexts, such as plant breeding. While "crossbreed" might also be considered appropriate for animals resulting from the mating of different breeds, in the context of livestock, it is more specific and can denote animals that may have some registration. In Indiana auctioneer contexts, "grade animal" accurately captures the essence of mixed breed cattle in accordance with industry standards.